{
 "id": "rd-pct-of-revenue",
 "name": "R&D as a share of revenue",
 "question": "R&D as a percent of revenue",
 "aliases": [
  "flavor & fragrance creation",
  "food science, sensory & product development",
  "applications & technical r&d",
  "analytical & chemistry",
  "r&d leadership & process dev"
 ],
 "formula": "R&D ÷ revenue × 100, from the company's 10-K",
 "formula_kind": "filed_pct_revenue",
 "value_units": "% of revenue",
 "grain": "filed",
 "function": "R&D",
 "cell": "R&D",
 "coverage_note": null,
 "definition_note": "Counts people whose title places them in the function: an exact count for the org and a floor for the process, since someone in another function may perform part of it.",
 "quartile_method": "p25 and p75 are Tukey hinges: the median of each half of the sorted values, with the median value included in both halves when N is odd. Published only at N >= 8; min, median and max always.",
 "as_of": "2026-09-16",
 "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/metrics/rd-pct-of-revenue/",
 "industries": {
  "tools": {
   "industry": "tool & industrial",
   "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/industry/tools/",
   "provenance": "filed",
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "as_of_basis": "latest filed year at build",
   "n": 4,
   "min": 1.4,
   "p25": null,
   "median": 2.19,
   "p75": null,
   "max": 2.35,
   "min_company": "Snap-on Incorporated",
   "max_company": "Enerpac Tool Group",
   "companies": [
    {
     "company": "Snap-on Incorporated",
     "ticker": "SNA",
     "value": 1.4,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 13000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 5.156,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Stanley Black & Decker",
     "ticker": "SWK",
     "value": 2.12,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 43500,
     "revenue_usd_b": 15.13,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Kennametal Inc.",
     "ticker": "KMT",
     "value": 2.26,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 8100,
     "revenue_usd_b": 1.967,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Enerpac Tool Group",
     "ticker": "EPAC",
     "value": 2.35,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 2100,
     "revenue_usd_b": 0.617,
     "provenance": "filed"
    }
   ],
   "quartiles": "paid"
  },
  "cpg": {
   "industry": "food & CPG",
   "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/industry/cpg/",
   "provenance": "filed",
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "as_of_basis": "latest filed year at build",
   "n": 10,
   "min": 0.29,
   "p25": null,
   "median": 0.98,
   "p75": null,
   "max": 1.7,
   "min_company": "Hormel Foods",
   "max_company": "The Clorox Company",
   "companies": [
    {
     "company": "Hormel Foods",
     "ticker": "HRL",
     "value": 0.29,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 20000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 12.106,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Conagra Brands",
     "ticker": "CAG",
     "value": 0.52,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 17400,
     "revenue_usd_b": 11.613,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "The J.M. Smucker Company",
     "ticker": "SJM",
     "value": 0.6,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 8000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 8.726,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "The Kraft Heinz Company",
     "ticker": "KHC",
     "value": 0.67,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 35000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 24.942,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Ingredion",
     "ticker": "INGR",
     "value": 0.98,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 11200,
     "revenue_usd_b": 7.219,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "The Campbell's Company",
     "ticker": "CPB",
     "value": 0.98,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 13700,
     "revenue_usd_b": 10.253,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Mondelez International",
     "ticker": "MDLZ",
     "value": 1.04,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 91000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 38.537,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "General Mills",
     "ticker": "GIS",
     "value": 1.32,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 33000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 19.487,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "McCormick & Company",
     "ticker": "MKC",
     "value": 1.55,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 14100,
     "revenue_usd_b": 6.84,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "The Clorox Company",
     "ticker": "CLX",
     "value": 1.7,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 7600,
     "revenue_usd_b": 7.104,
     "provenance": "filed"
    }
   ],
   "quartiles": "paid"
  },
  "appliances": {
   "industry": "appliance & housewares",
   "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/industry/appliances/",
   "provenance": "filed",
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "as_of_basis": "latest filed year at build",
   "n": 5,
   "min": 0.83,
   "p25": null,
   "median": 2.38,
   "p75": null,
   "max": 5.75,
   "min_company": "Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc.",
   "max_company": "SharkNinja, Inc.",
   "companies": [
    {
     "company": "Spectrum Brands Holdings, Inc.",
     "ticker": "SPB",
     "value": 0.83,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 3000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 2.809,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "YETI Holdings, Inc.",
     "ticker": "YETI",
     "value": 1.35,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 1390,
     "revenue_usd_b": 1.869,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Whirlpool Corporation",
     "ticker": "WHR",
     "value": 2.38,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 41000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 15.524,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Helen of Troy Limited",
     "ticker": "HELE",
     "value": 3.02,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 1854,
     "revenue_usd_b": 1.786,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "SharkNinja, Inc.",
     "ticker": "SN",
     "value": 5.75,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 4143,
     "revenue_usd_b": 6.399,
     "provenance": "filed"
    }
   ],
   "quartiles": "paid"
  },
  "chemicals": {
   "industry": "coatings & specialty chemical",
   "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/industry/chemicals/",
   "provenance": "filed",
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "as_of_basis": "latest filed year at build",
   "n": 3,
   "min": 1.26,
   "p25": null,
   "median": 1.28,
   "p75": null,
   "max": 1.4,
   "min_company": "Ecolab Inc.",
   "max_company": "WD-40 Company",
   "companies": [
    {
     "company": "Ecolab Inc.",
     "ticker": "ECL",
     "value": 1.26,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 48000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 16.081,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "RPM International Inc.",
     "ticker": "RPM",
     "value": 1.28,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 17546,
     "revenue_usd_b": 7.373,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "WD-40 Company",
     "ticker": "WDFC",
     "value": 1.4,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 714,
     "revenue_usd_b": 0.62,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "H.B. Fuller Company",
     "ticker": "FUL",
     "value": null,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 7100,
     "revenue_usd_b": 2.897,
     "provenance": "filed"
    }
   ],
   "quartiles": "paid"
  },
  "packaging": {
   "industry": "packaging & container",
   "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/industry/packaging/",
   "provenance": "filed",
   "as_of": "2026-09-16",
   "as_of_basis": "latest filed year at build",
   "n": 4,
   "min": 0.22,
   "p25": null,
   "median": 0.28,
   "p75": null,
   "max": 1.54,
   "min_company": "Graphic Packaging Holding Company",
   "max_company": "Avery Dennison Corporation",
   "companies": [
    {
     "company": "Graphic Packaging Holding Company",
     "ticker": "GPK",
     "value": 0.22,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 23000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 8.617,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Crown Holdings, Inc.",
     "ticker": "CCK",
     "value": 0.27,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 23000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 12.365,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Sonoco Products Company",
     "ticker": "SON",
     "value": 0.29,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 22000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 7.519,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Avery Dennison Corporation",
     "ticker": "AVY",
     "value": 1.54,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 35000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 8.855,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Ball Corporation",
     "ticker": "BALL",
     "value": null,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 16000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 10.983,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Greif, Inc.",
     "ticker": "GEF",
     "value": null,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 12000,
     "revenue_usd_b": 3.638,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Packaging Corporation of America",
     "ticker": "PKG",
     "value": null,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 16800,
     "revenue_usd_b": 8.989,
     "provenance": "filed"
    },
    {
     "company": "Silgan Holdings Inc.",
     "ticker": "SLGN",
     "value": null,
     "cell": null,
     "employees": 17320,
     "revenue_usd_b": 6.483,
     "provenance": "filed"
    }
   ],
   "quartiles": "paid"
  }
 },
 "all_industries": {
  "n": 26,
  "min": 0.22,
  "p25": null,
  "median": 1.3,
  "p75": null,
  "max": 5.75,
  "min_company": "Graphic Packaging Holding Company",
  "max_company": "SharkNinja, Inc.",
  "quartiles": "paid"
 },
 "quartiles": "paid",
 "paid_cut": {
  "price_usd": 150,
  "url": "https://sgabenchmarking.com/mcp",
  "includes": [
   "p25/p75 quartiles",
   "CSV",
   "a benchmark-format row"
  ]
 }
}